Absceso frío en una mano por un hongo dematiáceo. Primera comunicación en Chile de Pleurostomophora richardsiae / Hand cold abscess by a dematiaceous fungus. First report in Chile of Pleurostomophora richardsiae

Resumen Los hongos dematiáceos son un grupo heterogéneo de microorganismos capaces de sintetizar melanina. Las infecciones de este grupo que producen hifas en tejidos se denominan feohifomicosis y generalmente afectan la piel y tejidos vecinos. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 86 años con un tumor quístico blando progresivo en su mano y muñeca derecha, no asociado a dolor o signos inflamatorios. Se demostró una tenosinovitis de los flexores con pseudocapsula y sinovitis adherida a los tendones. El cultivo demostró un hongo dematiáceo compatible con Pleurostomophora richardsiae que se confirmó por secuenciación de la región ITS. La biopsia mostró una inflamación crónica granulomatosa e hifas. Después del drenaje quirúrgico, el paciente fue dado de alta sin terapia antifúngica, pero falleció por causas no relacionadas, tres meses después. Esta es la primera descripción de P. richardsiae como causa de feohifomicosis en Chile. Esta patología se puede sospechar cuando una lesión quística cutánea crónica involucra extremidades sin signos inflamatorios. Puede afectar a pacientes inmunocompetentes o inmunocomprometidos. El tratamiento contempla la escisión quirúrgica con o sin terapia antifúngica.

Abstract Dematiaceous fungi are a heterogeneous group of microorganisms able to synthesize melanin. Infections by this group that provoke tissular hyphae are called phaeohyphomycosis and usually involve skin and neighbor tissues. We present the case of a 86 years old men with a progressive soft cystic tumor in his right hand and wrist not associated to pain or inflammatory signs. A surgical intervention demonstrated flexor tenosynovitis with serous secretion, pseudocapsule and synovitis. Fungal culture demonstrated a dematiaceous fungi compatible with Pleurostomophora richardsiae that was confirmed by sequencing of the ITS region. Biopsy showed chronic inflammation with granuloma and hyphae. After surgical drainage, the patient was discharged without antifungal therapy but died of unrelated causes three month later. This is the first description of P. richardsiae as a cause of phaeohyphomycosis in Chile, a country with a template climate. Phaeohyphomycosis can be suspected when a chronic skin cystic lesion involves extremities without inflammatory signs, sometimes with an associated fistula. It may affect immunocompetent or immunosuppressed patients. Treatment involves surgical excision with or without antifungal therapy and prognosis is favorable.

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to cladophialophora bantiana: a first case report in an immunocompetent patient in Latin America and a brief literature review

Abstract We report a rare case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in an immunocompetent patient in Amazonas, Brazil. This dematiaceous fungus has been mainly associated with life-threatening infections affecting the central nervous systems of immunosuppressed patients. We present the clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic aspects, and in vitro susceptibility test results for different antifungal drugs. A brief review of the cases reported in the literature over the past 20 years has also been discussed. According to the literature review, the present case is the first report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to C. bantiana in an immunocompetent patient in Latin America.

Phaeohyphomycosis of the ungual apparatus - Case report

Phaeohyphomycosis is a disease caused by dematiaceous fungi with a worldwide geographic distribution and broad spectrum. It is most commonly found in adult individuals of both genders and all races. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with phaeohyphomycosis in the ungual apparatus.

Feohifomicosis subcutánea en un paciente trasplantado renal / Subcutaneous pheohyphomycosis in a renal transplanted patient

La feohifomicosis es una entidad poco frecuente causada por hongos formadores de hifas de la familia Dematiaceae, afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunosuprimidos, produce lesiones subcutáneas en forma de quistes y pseudoquistes que en su mayoría se tratan con la exéresis quirúrgica y tratamiento medicamentoso con anfotericin B e itraconazol. Se describió un caso de feohifomicosis, en un paciente masculino de 38 años de edad, con antecedentes de enfermedad renal crónica, hepatitis por virus C adquirida en hemodiálisis. Recibe trasplante renal en el 2010 y se le aplica triple terapia inmunosupresora, tacrolimus, micofenolato mofetil y prednisona. Desarrolla diabetes mellitus postrasplante. Un año después del injerto, comienza a presentar lesiones dermatológicas pseudoquísticas violáceas, solitarias, que forman conglomerados, en la pantorrilla, el tobillo y los dedos de ambos pies. Mediante examen clínico, micológico y por biopsia de la lesión se diagnostica feohifomicosis. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico con exéresis de las lesiones y medicamentoso con itraconazol 200 mg al día, se modificó el tratamiento inmunosupresor según interacción del itraconazol con los anticalcineurínicos, se sustituyó este por everolimus. Tres meses después se observó evolución satisfactoria

Pheohyphomycosis is a rare disease caused by Dematiaceae family hypha-forming fungi; it mainly affects immunosuppresed patients and causes subcutaneous lesions in the form of cysts and pseudocysts that are mostly treated with surgery and amphotericin B and Itraconazol-based treatment. A case of pheohyphomycosis was presented in a 38 years-old man with a history of chronic renal disease and of hepatitis C caught in hemodialysis. He was a renal transplant recipient in 2010 and was administered a triple immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mophetil and prednisone. He developed post-transplant diabetes mellitus and one year after the transplantation, he presented with purplish blue-colored pseudocystic dermatological lesions forming clusters in his calves, ankles and toes. The clinical, mycological and biopsy exams of the lesions yielded the diagnosis of pheohyphomycosis. The lesions were surgically removed and then 200mg of itraconazol was administered daily. This treatment was changed on account of the interaction between itraconazol and the anti-calcineuric drugs. The patient was then prescribed everolimus. Three months later, the patient recovered satisfactorily